Female Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System

 The external genitalia are known collectively as the value and consist of the followings:

• Labia majora 
• Labia minora
• Clitoris
• Vaginal orifice
• Vestibule
• Hymen
• Vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands).

Mons Pubis:

It is a rounded eminence in front of pubic symphysis formed by adipose tissue. After puberty it is covered thick public hair.

Labia Majora:

These are two large longitudinal folds forming the boundary of the vulva. They are composed of skin, fibrous tissue and fat and contain large numbers of sebaceous and eccrine sweat glands. Anteriorly the fold join in front of the symphysis pubis, and posteriorly they merge with the skin of the perineum. At puberty, hair grows on the mons pubis and on the lateral surface of the labia majora.

Labia Minora:

These are two smaller folds of skin between the labia majora, containing numerous sebaceous and eccrine sweat glands. The cleft between the labia minora is the vestibule. The vagina, urethra and ducts of the greater vestibular glands open into the vestibule.

Vestibule:

It is the space between labia minora. Vaginal and external urethral orifices open into it. In addition, small glands also open into it.

Clitoris:

The clitoris corresponds to the penis in the male and contains sensory nerve endings and erectile tissue.

Vaginal Orifice:

It is a median slit below and behind the opening of urethra.

The Hymen:

It is a thin fold of mucous membrane situated at the orifice of vagina. It is only seen in virgins.

Vestibular Glands:

The Vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) are situated one on each side bear the vaginal opening. They are about the size of a small pea and their ducts open into the vestibule immediately lateral to the attachment of the hymen. They secrete mucus that keeps the vulva moist.

Blood Supply, Lymph Drainage and Nerve Supply of external genital organs:

Arterial Supply:

This is by branches from the internal pudendal arteries that branch from the internal iliac arteries and by external pudendal arteries that branch from the femoral arteries.

Venous Drainage:

This forms a large plexus which eventually drains into the internal iliac veins.

Lymph Drainage:

This is by branches from pudendal nerve.

Nerve Supply:

This is by branches from pudendal nerve.

Perineum:

The perineum is a roughly triangular area extending from the base of the labia minora to the anal canal. It consists of connective tissue, muscle and fat. It gives attachment to the muscles of the pelvic floor.

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